东南极埃默里冰架东缘赖茵博尔特丘陵构造变形过程及其构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

刘健  赵越  刘晓春  崔建军  胡健民 《极地研究》2011,23(4):299-309

对赖茵博尔特丘陵地区的构造变形过程分析表明,该地区发育4期主要构造变形.D1期主要是区域性近EW向片麻理形成阶段,其变形时代为＞970 Ma;D2期是在正片麻岩形成了近EW向轴面陡立韧性剪切褶皱,以及剪切面理上发育的各种紧闭不对称褶皱和低角度拉伸线理,其变形时代为新元古代早期.D3期变形发生在寒武纪早期,以构造抬升至地...  相似文献   

川北早寒武世碳酸盐岩台缘斜坡沉积特征及变形构造形成机制探讨   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

沈骋  谭秀成  李凌  施开兰  苏成鹏  连承波  黎虹玮  肖笛 《古地理学报》2015,17(3):321-334

基于对川北米仓山西部旺苍县鼓城乡唐家河下寒武统仙女洞组露头剖面的观察与镜下分析发现,仙女洞组下段由生物碎屑泥晶灰岩(L)、粉砂质泥岩(M)、似瘤状砾屑灰岩(L')、角砾灰岩(R)、藻凝块灰岩(A)和含生屑钙质砂岩(S)组合而成,其以角砾灰岩、似瘤状砾屑灰岩和藻凝块灰岩为特征,且发育异地岩块和滑塌变形构造。进一步分析认为:L-M岩石组合为正常的斜坡环境低能沉积;L'-R岩石组合中的角砾灰岩为上斜坡生物灰泥丘崩坍滑动至下部而形成的,似瘤状砾屑灰岩可能是由于L-M岩石组合快速沉积导致沉积物失稳滑动变形、上斜坡生物灰泥丘崩落角砾致使的差异压实和滑动、以及后期物质成分差异引起的压溶作用等共同作用的结果,从而使灰质层发生破碎并被泥质包围形成断续的砾屑状,甚至轻微的位移,进而形成条带特征不明显的杂乱变形构造;微生物岩(Mb)组合为上斜坡的灰泥丘沉积;S-M岩石组合为斜坡上部的浊流沉积。根据上述分析结果建立米仓山西部仙女洞组碳酸盐岩台缘斜坡沉积模式,表明仙女洞组沉积早期米仓山西部存在台缘斜坡相沉积。  相似文献   

青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块构造形变特征的数值模拟     

孙玉军  范桃园  周春景  吴中海 《地质通报》2015,34(1):71-82

1997年以来发生在青藏高原主体的一系列强震均围绕巴颜喀拉地块周缘断裂带分布。在现今GPS观测的约束下,利用弹塑性平面应力有限元模型,模拟分析了巴颜喀拉地块在周缘断裂带控制下的构造形变特征。结果表明,弹性模型不能解释现今利用GPS观测到的巴颜喀拉地块的构造形变特征,当昆仑山断裂带中段和玉树—鲜水河断裂带处于塑性屈服状态(有较大相对滑动)时,计算得到的速度场与GPS的观测值吻合较好,表明该区现今的地壳运动主要被这2条断裂的变形所吸收。进一步的模拟分析发现,如果依据断裂带上强震的复发周期给定各个断裂带的相对塑性屈服强度,则在玉树—鲜水河断裂带和东昆仑断裂带中段进入塑性屈服之后,玛尔盖茶卡—若拉岗日断裂带玛尼段和黑石北湖断裂带会先后进入破裂滑动状态,东昆仑断裂带东段和龙门山断裂带南段最后进入屈服状态,指示巴颜喀拉地块的整体运动在周缘断裂带控制下具有分段性和分期性。  相似文献   

三峡库区曾家棚滑坡变形特征与成因机制分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伏永朋  吴吉民  王树丰  闫举生  李明 《华南地质与矿产》2015,(1)

2012年6月,三峡库区大溪河曾家棚发生滑坡,该滑坡在库水位变动和暴雨共同作用下发生,其发生发展过程及形成模式在三峡库区具有典型代表性。通过对比曾家棚滑坡以往勘查测绘资料和本次滑动变形实测及调查结果,对该滑坡影响因素和成因机制进行了分析,并提出了其发展变化演化过程,预测了其发展变化趋势及危害性,可为库区相似岸坡稳定性分析及监测预警提供借鉴。  相似文献   

一种模拟韧性剪切带中椭球状标志体运动、变形的新方法     

刘稳航  李玮  董云鹏  屈梦梦  杨源祯 《地质通报》2015,34(10):1897-1909

韧性剪切带中赋存的椭球状应变标志体(砾石、碎斑等)是研究剪切带运动学、动力学的重要应变标志体。传统研究中椭球状标志体通过对野外露头的观测或与实验岩石学结合,判断剪切带运动方向、探讨运动学和流变学特征。随着数值模拟技术在韧性剪切带中的引入和推广,国内外许多学者试图恢复椭球状标志体的运动轨迹和变形特征,并取得了显著的成果。然而,国内文献对于模拟韧性剪切带椭球状标志体的定量及模拟研究甚少,研究方法也鲜为介绍。基于此,针对韧性剪切带中椭球状标志体变形的最新研究进展,详细介绍建立在Jeffery理论和Eshelby理论之上的数值模拟思路和方法,并利用Mathcad软件模拟了给定条件下的椭球状标志体的运动轨迹、变形特征。  相似文献   

甘肃滴水山金矿地质地球化学特征及找矿标志          下载免费PDF全文

王学银  何平平 《甘肃地质》2015,24(3):58-62

滴水山金矿位于北祁连加里东褶皱带西北边缘,矿床受控于近EW向展布的韧性剪切带中,并与NE向的阿尔金断裂组成"λ"字型构造。通过岩屑测量共圈定12个化探综合异常,其中AR1、AR2和Au8化探综合异常走向呈近EW向,元素组合为Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、As、Sb、Hg等,各元素异常衬度和规模较大,且分带明显,具有较好的找矿前景。经后期工程揭露,发现了有价值的金矿体,总结了找矿方法和找矿标志。根据矿床地质特征认为该矿床为火山岩区脆-韧性剪切带型构造蚀变岩型金矿床。  相似文献   

不同开采条件下采空区地表变形机理的数值模拟研究     

姚康  熊春华  胡福根  张翊超  宋庆伟  闫驰 《城市地质》2015,(Z1)

通过建立数值模型,模拟不同采深、采宽、采厚及不同开采倾角下采空区地表的变形,通过数值模拟及计算得出各开采条件下地表的下沉曲线及水平移动曲线,进而分析地表变形规律及变形机理,为研究开采引起的地表变形提供一种便捷的方法。  相似文献   

Empirical modeling of plate load test moduli of soil via gene expression programming     

Ali Mollahasani  Amir Hossein Alavi  Amir Hossein Gandomi 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

New empirical models were developed to predict the soil deformation moduli using gene expression programming (GEP). The principal soil deformation parameters formulated were secant (E_s) and reloading (E_r) moduli. The proposed models relate E_s and E_r obtained from plate load-settlement curves to the basic soil physical properties. The best GEP models were selected after developing and controlling several models with different combinations of the influencing parameters. The experimental database used for developing the models was established upon a series of plate load tests conducted on different soil types at depths of 1–24 m. To verify the applicability of the derived models, they were employed to estimate the soil moduli of a part of test results that were not included in the analysis. The external validation of the models was further verified using several statistical criteria recommended by researchers. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the contributions of the parameters affecting E_s and E_r. The proposed models give precise estimates of the soil deformation moduli. The E_s prediction model provides considerably better results in comparison with the model developed for E_r. The simplified formulation for E_s significantly outperforms the empirical equations found in the literature. The derived models can reliably be employed for pre-design purposes.  相似文献   

Variation of mineral composition,fabric and oxygen fugacity from massive to foliated eclogites during exhumation of subducted ocean crust in the North Qilian suture zone,NW China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Y. CAO  S. G. SONG  Y. L. NIU  H. JUNG  Z. M. JIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(7):699-720

Eclogites from the North Qilian suture zone are high‐pressure low‐temperature metamorphic rocks of ocean crust protolith, and occur in both massive and foliated varieties as individual blocks of tens to hundreds of metres in size. The massive type is weakly deformed and shows granoblastic texture characterized by a coarse‐grained peak mineral assemblage of Grt¹ + Omp¹ + Ph + Rt ± Lws (or retrograde Cz). In contrast, the foliated type is strongly deformed and shows a fine‐grained retrograde mineral assemblage of Grt² + Omp² + Cz + Gln + Ph. Both total FeO and aegirine contents in omphacite, as well as X_Fe[=Fe³⁺/(Fe³⁺ + Al^VI)] in clinozoisite/epidote, increase significantly from massive to foliated eclogites. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of omphacite, determined by electron back‐scatter diffraction analysis, is characterized by weak and strong SL‐type fabrics for massive and foliated eclogites, respectively. Clinozoisite/epidote also developed SL‐type fabric, but different from the LPOs of omphacite in <010> and <001> axes, owing to their opposite crystallographic long and short axis definitions. The transition of deformation mechanism from dislocation creep to diffusive mass transfer (DMT) creep in omphacite and the concomitant retrograde metamorphism both are efficiently facilitated when the original coarse‐grained Omp¹ + Grt¹ + Lws assemblage is dynamically recrystallized and retrogressed into the fine‐grained Fe³⁺‐rich assemblage of Omp² + Grt² + Cz + Gln. The DMT process with concomitant anisotropic growth assisted by fluids is considered to be an important deformation mechanism for most minerals in the foliated eclogite. P–T estimates yielded 2.3–2.6 GPa and 485?510 °C for the massive eclogite and 1.8–2.2 GPa and 450?480 °C for the foliated eclogite. The significant increase in total Fe and Fe³⁺ contents in omphacite and clinozoisite/epidote from massive to foliated eclogite suggests changes in mineral compositions accompanied by an increase in oxygen fugacity during ductile deformation associated with exhumation. The LPO transition of omphacite, clinozoisite and rutile from weak SL‐type in massive eclogites to strong SL‐type in foliated eclogites is interpreted to represent the increment of shear strain during exhumation along the ‘subduction channel’.  相似文献   

A hybrid computational approach to formulate soil deformation moduli obtained from PLT     

Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi  Amir Hossein Alavi  Ali Mollahasani  Amir Hossein Gandomi 《Engineering Geology》2011,123(4):324

In this study, new empirical equations were developed to predict the soil deformation moduli utilizing a hybrid method coupling genetic programming and simulated annealing, called GP/SA. The proposed models relate secant (E_s), unloading (E_u) and reloading (E_r) moduli obtained from plate load–settlement curves to the basic soil physical properties. Several models with different combinations of the influencing parameters were developed and checked to select the best GP/SA models. The database used for developing the models was established upon a series of plate load tests (PLT) conducted on different soil types at various depths. The validity of the models was tested using parts of the test results that were not included in the analysis. The validation of the models was further verified using several statistical criteria. A traditional GP analysis was performed to benchmark the GP/SA models. The contributions of the parameters affecting E_s, E_u and E_r were analyzed through a sensitivity analysis. The proposed models are able to estimate the soil deformation moduli with an acceptable degree of accuracy. The E_s prediction model has a remarkably better performance than the models developed for predicting E_u and E_r. The simplified formulations for E_s, E_u and E_r provide significantly better results than the GP-based models and empirical models found in the literature.  相似文献